-
Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Squadron of Portugal and of the whole enterprise (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Diego Flores de Valdés, commander of the Squadron of Castile (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Hugo de Moncada i Gralla, commander of the Squadron of Galleasses of Naples (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Juan Martínez de Recalde, commander of the Squadron of Biscay (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Pedro de Valdés, commander of the Squadron of Andalusia (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Miguel de Oquendo, commander of the Squadron of Guipuzcoa (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Martín de Bertendona, commander of the Squadron of Levantines (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Juan Gómez de Medina, commander of the Squadron of Hulks or Urcas (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Antonio Hurtado de Mendoza, commander of the Squadron of Communication (he died during the voyage to England, and was succeeded by Agustín de Ojeda) (List of Squadron Commanders)
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Diego de Medrano, commander of the Squadron of Galleys of Portugal (List of Squadron Commanders)
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São Martinho (48 guns). Known in Spanish as San Martin and in English as Saint Martin. Flagship of the commander-in-chief (Fleet Capitana), the Duke of Medina Sidonia and Maestre Francisco Arias de Bobadilla, the senior army officer. (São Martinho had an overall length of about 180 feet (55 m) with a beam of about 40 feet (12 m). She carried the aforementioned 48 heavy guns on two enclosed gun decks, plus multiple smaller weapons).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São João (de Portugal). (50 guns). Vice-flagship (Fleet Almiranta). Known in Spanish as San Juan de Portugal and in English as Saint John of Portugal. Captained by Recalde (captain of this ship later in the expedition).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Marcos (33 guns).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Filipe (40 guns).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Luis (38 guns).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Mateus (34 guns). Known in Spanish as San Mateo and in English as Saint Matthew.
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santiago (24 guns).
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Florencia (52 guns). The Tuscan-built galleon San Francisco (São Francisco in Portuguese) was appropriated, renamed and integrated within the squadron of Portuguese galleons. Older Portuguese galleons like the São Lucas and the São Rafael had already been withdrawn from service; one was still in the squadron at Lisbon, but was too small and too rotted to accompany the Squadron), and she was substituted by the Florencia.
(Squadron of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Cristobal (36 guns). Flagship of Diego Flores de Valdés (who served as chief-of-staff to Medina Sidonia aboard the São Martinho throughout the campaign, and did not set foot aboard the San Cristobal during the campaign).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan Bautista (24 guns). Vice-flagship.
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Pedro (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santiago el Mayor (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Felipe y Santiago (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Asunción (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora del Barrio (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Medel y Celedon (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Ana (24 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora de Begoña (nao).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Trinidad Bogitar (nao).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Santa Catalina (nao).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan Bautista (nao).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache Nuestra Señora del Socorro (or Nuestra Señora del Rosario). (14 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache San Antonio de Padua (12 guns).
(Squadron of Castile) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Lorenzo (50 guns). Grounded at Calais after the Battle of Gravelines. Captured by the French after a hard fight with the English that cost Don Hugo de Moncada his life.
(Squadron of Galleasses of Naples) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Zúñiga (50 guns). Forced to take refuge at Le Havre after suffering rudder damage while trying to return home. It is unclear whether Zúñiga ever returned home. It was last reported silted up at Le Havre after an unsuccessful effort to sail home.
(Squadron of Galleasses of Naples) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Girona (50 guns). Wrecked 30 October 1588 at Lacada Point, County Antrim, Ireland. There may have been as many as 1,295 casualties due to the Girona carrying survivors from Santa Maria Rata Encoronada and Duquesa Santa Ana.
(Squadron of Galleasses of Naples) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Napolitana (50 guns).
(Squadron of Galleasses of Naples) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Ana (30 guns: Flagship of Juan Martinez de Recalde, Captain General and second in command of the Armada). Commanded by Nicolas de Isla.
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
El Gran Grin (28 guns: Vice-flagship). Commanded by Pedro de Mendoza.
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santiago (25 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción de Zubelzu. (16 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción de Juan del Cano (18 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Magdalena (18 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan (21 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La María Juan (24 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Manuela (24 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa María de Montemayor (18 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache La María de Aguirre (6 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache La Isabela (10 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache de Miguel de Suso (6 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache San Esteban (6 guns).
(Squadron of Viscaya (Biscay)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora del Rosario (46 guns). Flagship of Don Pedro de Valdés.
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Francisco (21 guns). Vice-flagship.
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan Bautista (31 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan de Gargarín (16 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción (20 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Duquesa Santa Ana (23 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Catalina (23 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Trinidad (13 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa María del Juncal (20 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Bartolomé (20 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache El Espíritu Santo (32 guns).
(Squadron of Andalusia) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Ana (47 guns). Flagship of Miguel de Oquendo.
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Maria de la Rosa (or Nuestra Señora de la Rosa). (47 guns). Vice-flagship.
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Salvador (25 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Esteban (26 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa María (or Santa Marta). (20 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Barbara (12 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Buenaventura (21 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La María San Juan (12 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Cruz (18 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Doncella (16 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache La Asunción (9 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Patache San Bernabé (9 guns).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Pinaza Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (1 gun).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Pinaza Magdalena (1 gun).
(Squadron of Guipúzcoa) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Regazona (30 guns). Venetian merchantman. Flagship of Martín de Bertendona.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Lavia (25 guns). Venetian merchantman. Vice-flagship.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa María (La Rata Encoronada) (35 guns). Genoese merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan de Sicilia (26 guns). Ragusan merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Trinidad Valencera (42 guns). Venetian merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Presveta Anunciada (24 guns). Ragusan merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Nicolás Prodaneli (26 guns). Ragusan merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Juliana (32 guns). Catalan merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa María de Visón (de Biscione) (18 guns). Ragusan merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Trinidad de Escala (22 guns). Genoese merchantman.
(Squadron of Levantines) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
El Gran Grifón (38 guns). Flagship of Juan Gómez de Medina. Wrecked, 27 September 1588 at Stroms Hellier, Fair Isle, Shetland Islands, Scotland. Her three hundred sailors spent six weeks on the island.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Salvador (24 guns). Vice-flagship.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Perro Marino (7 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Falcon Blanco Mayor (16 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Castillo Negro (27 guns). The ship foundered off Donegal, Ireland.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Barca de Amburgo (or Barca de Hamburg) (23 guns). The ship sank during a storm south-west of Fair Isle, Scotland. Her crew were taken aboard El Gran Grifon and La Trinidad Valencera; both were later wrecked.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Casa de Paz Grande (26 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Pedro Mayor (29 guns) a crew of 28 mariners and also 113 Soldiers on board, was run aground in Hope Cove, Devon, on 7 November 1588 one of two hospital ships, the ship was a hulk (cargo). The crew walked to safety from the ship, Sir William Courtney looked after the 140 men
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
El Sansón (18 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Pedro Menor (18 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Barca de Anzique (or Barca de Danzig) (26 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Falcon Blanco Mediano (16 guns). Lost on Connemara coast, County Galway, possibly near Inish Boffin, on Freaghillaun Rock?, Ireland.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Andrés (14 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Casa de Paz Chica (15 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Ciervo Volante (18 guns). She was wrecked off the west Irish coast.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Paloma Blanca (12 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Ventura (4 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santa Bárbara (10 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santiago (19 guns). Wrecked near Mosterhamn in Hardanger Fjord, south of Bergen, Norway.
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
David (7 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
El Gato (9 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Esayas (4 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Gabriel (4 guns).
(Squadron of Urcas) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Caridad Inglesa
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Andrés Escosés
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
El Santo Crucifijo
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora del Puerto
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción de Carasa
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora Begoña
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción Capetillo
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Jeronimo
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora de Gracia
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción Francisco de Latero
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Francisco
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Espiritu Santo
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Trinidad (zabra)
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nuestra Señora de Castro (zabra)
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santo Andres
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción de Valmeseda
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
La Concepción de Somanila
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
San Juan de Carasa
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Asunción
(Squadron of Communication) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Capitania (5 guns). Foundered off Bayonne, France, in the Bay of Biscay.
(Squadron of Galleys of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Princesa (5 guns).
(Squadron of Galleys of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Diana (5 guns).
(Squadron of Galleys of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Bazana (5 guns).
(Squadron of Galleys of Portugal) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Lorenço
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santo António (1ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nossa Senhora da Conceição (1ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Jesus da Ajuda
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São João
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santo António (2ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
A Conceição (2ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
São Jorge
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nossa Senhora da Assunção
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Conceição (3ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Santo António (3ª)
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
Nossa Senhora da Assunção (Nossa Senhora da Conceição (2ª), possibly did not join the expedition beyond Corunna. Only eleven left Lisbon, and possibly about 9 or 10 (?), after the storm, left Corunna).
(Miscellaneous Caravels ("Round" caravels and Lateen caravels)) (Ships of the Squadrons) -
132 ships. (Complement of the Fleet)
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8,766 sailors. (Complement of the Fleet)
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21,556 soldiers. (Complement of the Fleet)
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2,088 convict rowers (Complement of the Fleet)
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Pronunciation: /ˈɡæliən/ GAL-ee-ən. Etymology: Old Spanish galeón, from Middle French galion, from Old French galie. Date: 1529.
(Galleon) (Ship Types) -
Pronunciation: /ˈɡæli/ GAL-ee. Etymology: Middle English galeie, from Anglo-French galie, galee, ultimately from Middle Greek galea. Date: 13th century.
(Galley) (Ship Types) -
a long low ship used for war and trading especially in the Mediterranean Sea from the Middle Ages to the 19th century;
(Galley) (Ship Types) -
also : galleass : a warship of classical antiquity — compare bireme, trireme;
(Galley) (Ship Types) -
a large open boat (as a gig) formerly used in England.
(Galley) (Ship Types) -
Pronunciation: /ˈɡæliəs/ GAL-ee-əs. Etymology: Middle French galeasse, from Old French galie galley. Date: 1544.
(Galleass) (Ship Types) -
"The urcas, supply hulks, had largely been requisitioned when they sailed into Spanish ports, regardless of their owners' rights and wishes. Baltic made urcas with two lateen mizzen masts were unable to sail close to the wind. They were also no good for fitting fighting 'castles' to. Some urcas came from Hanseatic ports. In all there were twenty three urcas in the fleet."
(Urca) (Ship Types) -
Small two masted ships.
(Zabra) (Ship Types) -
A patache is a type of sailing vessel with two masts, very light and shallow, a sort of cross between a brig and a schooner, which originally was a warship, being intended for surveillance and inspection of the coasts and ports.
(Patache) (Ship Types) -
The pinaza (pinnace) is a light boat, propelled by oars or sails, carried aboard merchant and war vessels to serve as a tender.
(Pinaza) (Ship Types) -
Latin-rigged Caravel (Lateen Caravel), a highly manoeuvrable sailing ship. The lateen sails gave her speed and the capacity for sailing to windward (beating). Caravels were used especially by the Portuguese for the oceanic exploration voyages during the 15th and 16th centuries.
(Caravel) (Ship Types) -
the Square-rigged caravel is another type of caravel which is a combination of the carrack and the caravel, distinguished from both ships by its combined sails, with four or more masts, usually three with lateen rigged sails and the fore-mast with two square sails, and by its hull design which is narrower and longer (with a sterncastle, forecastle and a galleon design). It is doubtful that the caravels of Portugal in the Spanish Armada - with the assistance mission, support, and transport of provisions and military items - had the size and the heavy weaponry of the other traditional Portuguese large Caravelas de Armada (Square-rigged caravels).
(Square-rigged caravel (Round caravel)) (Ship Types) -
A three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ships that are developed from the 14th Century to the 17th Century.
(Carrack) (Ship Types) -
Total Number of Ships Mustered at Corunna = 130 (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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Total tons of Shipping at Muster = 58,705 (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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Total people on ships, soldiers & sailors = 25,826 people (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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Total number of Guns = 2,477 (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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Total Number of Ships Lost/Burned/Missing = 68 (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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Total Number that Failed to Start = 5 (Summary of Armada Make Up)
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