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Principality of Benevento, a former Lombard duchy, independent from 774
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Principality of Salerno, split off from Benevento in 851
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Principality of Capua, split off from Benevento in 981
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Duchy of Naples, a former Byzantine province, a hereditary principality from 840
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Duchy of Gaeta, its ruler took the title Duke in 933
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Duchy of Amalfi, its ruler took the title Duke in 958
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Duchy of Sorrento, usually under the authority of Amalfi
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Emirate of Bari, an Arab state, founded in 847, conquered in 871
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Emirate of Sicily, independent from 965
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County of Aversa, a Norman fief of Naples from 1030, conquered Capua in 1058
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County of Sicily, the Norman conquest began in 1071, and was finished in 1091; the conquest of Malta was finished in 1127
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Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, the supreme Norman authority on the peninsula from 1047
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