List of National Medal Of Science Laureates (224 items)report

• 1964 Neal Elgar Miller (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1986 Herbert A. Simon (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1987 Anne Anastasi, George J. Stigler (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1988 Milton Friedman (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1990 Leonid Hurwicz, Patrick Suppes (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1991 George A. Miller (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1992 Eleanor J. Gibson (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1994 Robert K. Merton (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1995 Roger N. Shepard (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1996 Paul A. Samuelson (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1997 William K. Estes (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1998 William Julius Wilson (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1999 Robert M. Solow (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2000 Gary S. Becker (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2003 R. Duncan Luce (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2004 Kenneth J. Arrow (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2005 Gordon H. Bower (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2008 Michael I. Posner (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2009 Mortimer Mishkin (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2011 Anne Treisman (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2012 Robert Axelrod (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 2014 Albert Bandura (Behavioral and Social Science)

• 1963 Cornelius Van Niel (Biological Sciences)

• 1964 Theodosius Dobzhansky, Marshall W. Nirenberg (Biological Sciences)

• 1965 Francis Peyton Rous, George G. Simpson, Donald D. Van Slyke (Biological Sciences)

• 1966 Edward F. Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, William C. Rose, Sewall Wright (Biological Sciences)

• 1967 Kenneth S. Cole, Harry F. Harlow, Michael Heidelberger, Alfred Sturtevant (Biological Sciences)

• 1968 Horace Barker, Bernard B. Brodie, Detlev W. Bronk, Jay Lush, Burrhus Frederic Skinner (Biological Sciences)

• 1969 Robert J. Huebner, Ernst Mayr (Biological Sciences)

• 1970 Barbara McClintock, Albert Sabin (Biological Sciences)

• 1973 Daniel I. Arnon, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. (Biological Sciences)

• 1974 Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, James V. Neel, James Augustine Shannon (Biological Sciences)

• 1975 Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling B. Hendricks, Orville Vogel (Biological Sciences)

• 1976 Roger C.L. Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim Racker, Edward O. Wilson (Biological Sciences)

• 1979 Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, Earl Reece Stadtman, G. Ledyard Stebbins, Paul A. Weiss (Biological Sciences)

• 1981 Philip Handler (Biological Sciences)

• 1982 Seymour Benzer, Glenn W. Burton, Mildred Cohn (Biological Sciences)

• 1983 Howard Bachrach, Paul Berg, Wendell L. Roelofs, Berta Scharrer (Biological Sciences)

• 1986 Stanley Cohen, Donald Henderson, Vernon Mountcastle, George Emil Palade, Joan A. Steitz (Biological Sciences)

• 1987 Michael E. Debakey, Theodor O. Diener, Harry Eagle, Har Gobind Khorana, Rita Levi-Montalcini (Biological Sciences)

• 1988 Michael S. Brown, Stanley N. Cohen, Joseph L. Goldstein, Maurice Hilleman, Eric R. Kandel, Rosalyn S. Yalow (Biological Sciences)

• 1989 Katherine Esau, Viktor Hamburger, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Roger W. Sperry, Harland G. Wood (Biological Sciences)

• 1990 Baruj Benacerraf, Herbert W. Boyer, Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., Edward B. Lewis, David G. Nathan, E. Donnall Thomas (Biological Sciences)

• 1991 Mary Ellen Avery, G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin A. Kabat, Robert W. Kates, Salvador E. Luria, Paul A. Marks, Folke K Skoog, Paul C. Zamecnik (Biological Sciences)

• 1992 Maxine Singer, Howard M. Temin (Biological Sciences)

• 1993 Daniel Nathans, Salome G. Waelsch (Biological Sciences)

• 1994 Thomas Eisner, Elizabeth F. Neufeld (Biological Sciences)

• 1995 Alexander Rich (Biological Sciences)

• 1996 Ruth Patrick (Biological Sciences)

• 1997 James D. Watson, Robert A. Weinberg (Biological Sciences)

• 1998 Bruce Ames, Janet Rowley (Biological Sciences)

• 1999 David Baltimore, Jared Diamond, Lynn Margulis (Biological Sciences)

• 2000 Nancy C. Andreasen, Peter H. Raven, Carl Woese (Biological Sciences)

• 2001 Francisco J. Ayala, George F. Bass, Mario R. Capecchi, Ann Graybiel, Gene E. Likens, Victor A. McKusick, Harold Varmus (Biological Sciences)

• 2002 James E. Darnell, Evelyn M. Witkin (Biological Sciences)

• 2003 J. Michael Bishop, Solomon H. Snyder, Charles Yanofsky (Biological Sciences)

• 2004 Norman E. Borlaug, Phillip A. Sharp, Thomas Starzl (Biological Sciences)

• 2005 Anthony Fauci, Torsten N. Wiesel (Biological Sciences)

• 2006 Rita R. Colwell, Nina Fedoroff, Lubert Stryer (Biological Sciences)

• 2007 Robert J. Lefkowitz, Bert W. O'Malley (Biological Sciences)

• 2008 Francis S. Collins, Elaine Fuchs, Craig Venter (Biological Sciences)

• 2009 Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner (Biological Sciences)

• 2010 Ralph L. Brinster, Rudolf Jaenisch (Biological Sciences)

• 2011 Lucy Shapiro, Leroy Hood, Sallie Chisholm (Biological Sciences)

• 2012 May Berenbaum, Bruce Alberts (Biological Sciences)

• 2013 Rakesh K. Jain (Biological Sciences)

• 2014 Stanley Falkow, Mary-Claire King, Simon Levin (Biological Sciences)

• 1964 Roger Adams (Chemistry)

• 1982 F. Albert Cotton, Gilbert Stork (Chemistry)

• 1983 Roald Hoffmann, George C. Pimentel, Richard N. Zare (Chemistry)

• 1986 Harry Gray, Yuan Tseh Lee, Carl S. Marvel, Frank H. Westheimer (Chemistry)

• 1987 William Summer Johnson, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler (Chemistry)

• 1988 William O. Baker, Konrad E. Bloch, Elias J. Corey (Chemistry)

• 1989 Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudolph Marcus, Harden M. McConnell (Chemistry)

• 1990 Elkan Blout, Karl Folkers, John D. Roberts (Chemistry)

• 1991 Ronald Breslow, Gertrude B. Elion, Dudley R. Herschbach, Glenn T. Seaborg (Chemistry)

• 1992 Howard E. Simmons, Jr. (Chemistry)

• 1993 Donald J. Cram, Norman Hackerman (Chemistry)

• 1994 George S. Hammond (Chemistry)

• 1995 Thomas Cech, Isabella L. Karle (Chemistry)

• 1996 Norman Davidson (Chemistry)

• 1997 Darleane C. Hoffman, Harold S. Johnston (Chemistry)

• 1998 John W. Cahn, George M. Whitesides (Chemistry)

• 1999 Stuart A. Rice, John Ross, Susan Solomon (Chemistry)

• 2000 John D. Baldeschwieler, Ralph F. Hirschmann (Chemistry)

• 2001 Ernest R. Davidson, Gabor A. Somorjai (Chemistry)

• 2002 John I. Brauman (Chemistry)

• 2004 Stephen J. Lippard (Chemistry)

• 2005 Tobin J. Marks (Chemistry)

• 2006 Marvin H. Caruthers, Peter Dervan (Chemistry)

• 2007 Mostafa El-Sayed (Chemistry)

• 2008 Joanna S. Fowler, JoAnne Stubbe (Chemistry)

• 2009 Stephen J. Benkovic, Marye Anne Fox (Chemistry)

• 2010 Jacqueline K. Barton, Peter J. Stang (Chemistry)

• 2011 Allen J. Bard, M. Frederick Hawthorne (Chemistry)

• 2012 Judith P. Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald (Chemistry)

• 2013 Geraldine Richmond (Chemistry)

• 2014 A. Paul Alivisatos (Chemistry)

• 1962 Theodore von Kármán (Engineering Sciences)

• 1963 Vannevar Bush, John Robinson Pierce (Engineering Sciences)

• 1964 Othmar H. Ammann, Charles S. Draper (Engineering Sciences)

• 1965 Hugh L. Dryden, Clarence L. Johnson, Warren K. Lewis (Engineering Sciences)

• 1966 Claude E. Shannon (Engineering Sciences)

• 1967 Edwin H. Land, Igor I. Sikorsky (Engineering Sciences)

• 1968 J. Presper Eckert, Nathan M. Newmark (Engineering Sciences)

• 1969 Jack St. Clair Kilby (Engineering Sciences)

• 1970 George E. Mueller (Engineering Sciences)

• 1973 Harold E. Edgerton, Richard T. Whitcomb (Engineering Sciences)

• 1974 Rudolf Kompfner, Ralph Brazelton Peck, Abel Wolman (Engineering Sciences)

• 1975 Manson Benedict, William Hayward Pickering, Frederick E. Terman, Wernher Von Braun (Engineering Sciences)

• 1976 Morris Cohen, Peter C. Goldmark, Erwin Wilhelm Müller (Engineering Sciences)

• 1979 Emmett N. Leith, Raymond D. Mindlin, Robert N. Noyce, Earl R. Parker, Simon Ramo (Engineering Sciences)

• 1982 Edward H. Heinemann, Donald L. Katz (Engineering Sciences)

• 1983 William R. Hewlett, George M. Low, John G. Trump (Engineering Sciences)

• 1986 Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, T. Y. Lin, Bernard M. Oliver (Engineering Sciences)

• 1987 Robert B. Bird, H. Bolton Seed, Ernst Weber (Engineering Sciences)

• 1988 Daniel C. Drucker, Willis M. Hawkins, George W. Housner (Engineering Sciences)

• 1989 Harry George Drickamer, Herbert E. Grier (Engineering Sciences)

• 1990 Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Nick Holonyak, Jr. (Engineering Sciences)

• 1991 George Heilmeier, Luna B. Leopold, H. Guyford Stever (Engineering Sciences)

• 1992 Calvin F. Quate, John Roy Whinnery (Engineering Sciences)

• 1993 Alfred Y. Cho (Engineering Sciences)

• 1994 Ray W. Clough (Engineering Sciences)

• 1995 Hermann A. Haus (Engineering Sciences)

• 1996 James L. Flanagan, C. Kumar N. Patel (Engineering Sciences)

• 1998 Eli Ruckenstein (Engineering Sciences)

• 1999 Kenneth N. Stevens (Engineering Sciences)

• 2000 Yuan-Cheng B. Fung (Engineering Sciences)

• 2001 Andreas Acrivos (Engineering Sciences)

• 2002 Leo Beranek (Engineering Sciences)

• 2003 John Prausnitz (Engineering Sciences)

• 2004 Edwin N. Lightfoot (Engineering Sciences)

• 2005 Jan D. Achenbach (Engineering Sciences)

• 2006 Robert S. Langer (Engineering Sciences)

• 2007 David Wineland (Engineering Sciences)

• 2008 Rudolf E. Kálmán (Engineering Sciences)

• 2009 Amnon Yariv (Engineering Sciences)

• 2010 Shu Chien (Engineering Sciences)

• 2011 John Goodenough (Engineering Sciences)

• 2012 Thomas Kailath (Engineering Sciences)

• 1963 Norbert Wiener (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1964 Solomon Lefschetz, H. Marston Morse (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1965 Oscar Zariski (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1966 John Milnor (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1967 Paul Cohen (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1968 Jerzy Neyman (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1969 William Feller (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1970 Richard Brauer (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1973 John Tukey (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1974 Kurt Gödel (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1975 John W. Backus, Shiing-Shen Chern, George B. Dantzig (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1976 Kurt Otto Friedrichs, Hassler Whitney (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1979 Joseph L. Doob, Donald E. Knuth (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1982 Marshall Harvey Stone (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1983 Herman Goldstine, Isadore Singer (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1986 Peter Lax, Antoni Zygmund (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1987 Raoul Bott, Michael Freedman (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1988 Ralph E. Gomory, Joseph B. Keller (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1989 Samuel Karlin, Saunders MacLane, Donald C. Spencer (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1990 George F. Carrier, Stephen Cole Kleene, John McCarthy (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1991 Alberto Calderón (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1992 Allen Newell (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1993 Martin Kruskal (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1994 John Cocke (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1995 Louis Nirenberg (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1996 Richard M. Karp, Stephen Smale (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1997 Shing-Tung Yau (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1998 Cathleen Synge Morawetz (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1999 Felix Browder, Ronald R. Coifman (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2000 John Griggs Thompson, Karen K. Uhlenbeck (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2001 Calyampudi R. Rao, Elias M. Stein (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2002 James G. Glimm (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2003 Carl R. de Boor (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2004 Dennis P. Sullivan (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2005 Bradley Efron (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2006 Hyman Bass (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2007 Leonard Kleinrock, Andrew J. Viterbi (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2009 David B. Mumford (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2010 Richard A. Tapia, Srinivasa S.R. Varadhan (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2011 Solomon Golomb, Barry Mazur (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2012 Alexandre Chorin, posthumous David Blackwell (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 2013 Michael Artin (Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences)

• 1963 Luis W. Alvarez (Physical Sciences)

• 1964 Julian Schwinger, Harold Clayton Urey, Robert Burns Woodward (Physical Sciences)

• 1965 John Bardeen, Peter Debye, Leon M. Lederman, William Rubey (Physical Sciences)

• 1966 Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Henry Eyring, John H. Van Vleck, Vladimir K. Zworykin (Physical Sciences)

• 1967 Jesse Beams, Francis Birch, Gregory Breit, Louis Hammett, George Kistiakowsky (Physical Sciences)

• 1968 Paul Doughty Bartlett, Herbert Friedman, Lars Onsager, Eugene Wigner (Physical Sciences)

• 1969 Herbert C. Brown, Wolfgang Panofsky (Physical Sciences)

• 1970 Robert H. Dicke, Allan R. Sandage, John C. Slater, John A. Wheeler, Saul Winstein (Physical Sciences)

• 1973 Carl Djerassi, Maurice Ewing, Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, Vladimir Haensel, Frederick Seitz, Robert Rathbun Wilson (Physical Sciences)

• 1974 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Paul Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Linus Carl Pauling, Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (Physical Sciences)

• 1975 Hans A. Bethe, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, Lewis Sarett, E. Bright Wilson, Chien-Shiung Wu (Physical Sciences)

• 1976 Samuel Goudsmit, Herbert S. Gutowsky, Frederick Rossini, Verner Suomi, Henry Taube, George Uhlenbeck (Physical Sciences)

• 1979 Richard P. Feynman, Herman Mark, Edward M. Purcell, John Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer, Victor F. Weisskopf (Physical Sciences)

• 1982 Philip W. Anderson, Yoichiro Nambu, Edward Teller, Charles H. Townes (Physical Sciences)

• 1983 E. Margaret Burbidge, Maurice Goldhaber, Helmut Landsberg, Walter Munk, Frederick Reines, Bruno B. Rossi, J. Robert Schrieffer (Physical Sciences)

• 1986 Solomon J. Buchsbaum, Horace R. Crane, Herman Feshbach, Robert Hofstadter, Chen Ning Yang (Physical Sciences)

• 1987 Philip Abelson, Walter Elsasser, Paul C. Lauterbur, George Pake, James A. Van Allen (Physical Sciences)

• 1988 D. Allan Bromley, Paul (Ching-Wu) Chu, Walter Kohn, Norman F. Ramsey, Jack Steinberger (Physical Sciences)

• 1989 Arnold O. Beckman, Eugene Parker, Robert P. Sharp, Henry Stommel (Physical Sciences)

• 1990 Allan M. Cormack, Edwin M. McMillan, Robert Pound, Roger Revelle (Physical Sciences)

• 1991 Arthur L. Schawlow, Ed Stone, Steven Weinberg (Physical Sciences)

• 1992 Eugene M. Shoemaker (Physical Sciences)

• 1993 Val Fitch, Vera Rubin (Physical Sciences)

• 1994 Albert Overhauser, Frank Press (Physical Sciences)

• 1995 Hans Dehmelt, Peter Goldreich (Physical Sciences)

• 1996 Wallace S. Broecker (Physical Sciences)

• 1997 Marshall Rosenbluth, Martin Schwarzschild, George Wetherill (Physical Sciences)

• 1998 Don L. Anderson, John N. Bahcall (Physical Sciences)

• 1999 James Cronin, Leo Kadanoff (Physical Sciences)

• 2000 Willis E. Lamb, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Gilbert F. White (Physical Sciences)

• 2001 Marvin L. Cohen, Raymond Davis Jr., Charles Keeling (Physical Sciences)

• 2002 Richard Garwin, W. Jason Morgan, Edward Witten (Physical Sciences)

• 2003 G. Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo Giacconi (Physical Sciences)

• 2004 Robert N. Clayton (Physical Sciences)

• 2005 Ralph A. Alpher, Lonnie Thompson (Physical Sciences)

• 2006 Daniel Kleppner (Physical Sciences)

• 2007 Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, Charles P. Slichter (Physical Sciences)

• 2008 Berni Alder, James E. Gunn (Physical Sciences)

• 2009 Yakir Aharonov, Esther M. Conwell, Warren M. Washington (Physical Sciences)

• 2011 Sidney Drell, Sandra Faber, Sylvester James Gates (Physical Sciences)

• 2012 Burton Richter, Sean C. Solomon (Physical Sciences)

• 2014 Shirley Ann Jackson (Physical Sciences)

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