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[Name]: Seyed Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei
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[Period CE]: 1892–1981
[Philosophy]: He is famous for Tafsir al-Mizan, the Quranic exegesis. His philosophy is centered on the sociological treatment of human problems. In his later years he would often hold study mettings with Henry Corbin and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, in which the classical texts of divine knowledge and gnosis along with what Nasr calls comparative gnosis were discussed. Shi'a Islam, The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism (Persian: Usul-i-falsafeh va ravesh-i-ri'alism) and Dialogues with Professor Corbin (Persian: Mushabat ba Ustad Kurban) are among his works. -
[Name]: Mir Fendereski
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[Period CE]: 1562–1640
[Philosophy]: He was trained in the works of Avicenna, and Mulla Sadra studied under him. His main workal-Resāla al-ṣenāʿiya, is an examination of the arts and professions in perfect society, and combines a number of genres and subject areas such as political and ethical thought and metaphysics. -
[Name]: Al-Kindi
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[Period CE]: 801–873
[Philosophy]: He was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and was considered as the "father of Arabic philosophy". He was famous for promotion of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy in the Muslim world. One of his main concerns was to show the compatibility of philosophy and speculative theology. However, he would prefer the revelation to reason, for he believed it guaranteed matters of faith that reason could not uncover. -
[Name]: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
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[Period CE]: 854–925
[Philosophy]: There are contradictory views about his faith. Some, such as ibn Abi Osayba, knew him as believer, but some, like Abu Hatam and Biruni, knew him as unbeliever. A philosopher whose theory of the soul, explained in The Metaphysics, was derived from Islam in which he explained how the soul finds its way to salvation and freedom. In his Philosophical Biography, al-Razi defended his philosophical lifestyle, emphasizing that, rather than being self-indulgent, man should utilize his intellect, and apply justice in his life. His defense against his critics is also a book entitled Al Syrat al Falsafiah (The Philosophical Approach). He was also an early chemist. -
[Name]: Abul A'la Maududi
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[Period CE]: 1903–1979
[Philosophy]: His major work is The Meaning of the Qur'an in which he explains that The Quran is not a book of abstract ideas, but a Book which contains a message which causes a movement. Islam, he believes, is not a 'religion' in the sense this word is usually comprehended, but a system encompassing all areas of living. In his book Islamic Way of Life, he largely expanded on this view. -
[Name]: Rumi
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[Period CE]: 1207–1273
[Philosophy]: Described as the "most popular poet in America", he was an evolutionary thinker, in that he believed that all matter after devolution from the divine Ego experience an evolutionary cycle by which it return to the same divine Ego, which is due to an innate motive which he calls love. Rumi's major work is the Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets) regarded by some Sufis as the Persian-language Qur'an. His other work, Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It), includes seventy-one talks given on various occasions to his disciples.
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